What is a Lien?

Lien



A lien is a legal term. A lien occurs when the creditor (the bank) is legally given the right to sell a mortgaged property (home, vehicle, real estate property, boat, etc.) who has failed to make their payments. Liens protect banks in case of delinquent payments.

A lien is a legal right and it refers to a legal form of security granted over an asset to secure debt. The asset that is used in lien is called collateral. When a loan is fully paid the lien is null and the lender no longer has any legal right to the property. Liens are used to make sure a delinquent borrower pays their debt and secure the lender if they don’t. A common form of lien in real estate is when the lender of a first mortgage is granted primary lien over the property if the borrower does not make payments and is in default.

When the house is sold, the lender gets their repayment before any second mortgages or loans take place. This is because the right (the lien) means they can secure their repayment first. Liens are voluntary or involuntary. Voluntary liens: lender and borrower complete the contract together, example: mortgages and other credit or loan agreements.

Involuntary liens: liens established for delinquent taxes and judgment liens for delinquent payments. Perfect Lien: the lender has the right before any other third party lenders to collateral repayment. Third party lenders will be informed of the lien. Equitable lien: a lien on equity in a real estate property. No money until the house is sold. Equitable liens occur when an occupant of a property spends money on renovations ahead of time. They become the owner of the equity by virtue of the renovations. Renovations increase property value.

Any property that carries a lien can be forced into sale at any time. If the loan is in default, the lender has the legal right to do so. If the borrower sells the property, the lien holder (the creditor) must be paid in full before the property or vehicle will be cleared for transfer.

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